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计算机技术22年4期

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波器的无人机状态估计
王文丽,何博
(中国人民解放军战略支援部队航天工程大学 宇航科学与技术系,北京 101400)

摘  要:在无人机飞行过程中,由于低成本无人机对状态反馈不准确和外部干扰对传感器的影响,导致飞行时间一长会出现漂移现象,使得无人机产生浮动等不良问题。为了解决这些问题,提出一种适用于小型无人机状态估计的四元数扩展卡尔曼滤波数据融合算法,该算法通过建立四元数系统观测模型和传感器量测模型,解决了低成本传感器对无人机位置和姿态直接测量的低精度和易被外界干扰的问题,有效提高了状态估计的精度。仿真实验验证了算法的有效性。


关键词:无人机;四元数;扩展卡尔曼滤波器;状态估计;数据融合



DOI:10.19850/j.cnki.2096-4706.2022.04.031


中图分类号:TP183                                      文献标识码:A                                   文章编号:2096-4706(2022)04-0118-05


UAV State Estimation Based on Extended Kalman Filter

WANG Wenli, HE Bo

(Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Aerospace Engineering University of the PLA Strategic Support Force, Beijing 101416, China)

Abstract: During the flight of the UAV, due to the inaccurate state feedback of the low-cost UAV and the influence of external interference on the sensor, the drift phenomenon will occur over a long flight time, causing the UAV to float and other undesirable problems. In order to solve these problems, a quaternion extended Kalman filter data fusion algorithm suitable for small UAV state estimation is proposed. The algorithm solves the problems of low accuracy and easy interference from the outside world in the direct measurement of the position and attitude of the UAV for the low-cost UAV, by establishing the quaternionic system observation model and the sensor measurement model. It effectively improves the accuracy of the state estimation. The simulation experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.

Keywords: UAV; quaternion; extended Kalman filter; state estimation; data fusion


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作者简介:王文丽(1996.11—),女,汉族,甘肃酒泉人,硕士研究生在读,研究方向:无人机自主飞行控制。