摘 要：平方公里阵列射电望远镜 SKA 中频孔径阵列，是下一代全数字阵列最具代表性的装置之一，其所面临的技术挑战是在成本可接受的条件下实现足够灵活的波束形成。本文阐述了一种中频孔径阵列分级波束形成架构的设计和验证。这种新型的分级波束形成架构基于真延时与波束切换技术。将此波束形成系统与致密排布的维瓦尔第天线前端集成后，系统能够根据不同的后端处理能力，同时输出 2 至 16 个波束，覆盖 90°全空域。
关键词：数字波束形成；SKA 中频孔径阵列；厘米波射电装置
DOI:10.19850/j.cnki.2096-4706.2021.04.015
中图分类号：TN91 文献标识码：A 文章编号：2096-4706（2021）04-0060-04
Design and Verification of SKA Medium Frequency Aperture Array Hierarchical Beamforming System
JIANG Lihui，CAO Rui，TAO Xiaohui，LI Zhuang，PENG Guoliang
（Aperture Array and Space Exploration Key Laboratory of Anhui Province，The 38th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation，Hefei 230088，China）
Abstract：The SKA（Square Kilometer Array）medium frequency aperture array（MFAA）of square kilometer array radio telescope is one of the most representative devices of the next-generation fully digital array. The technical challenge of it is to achieve enough flexible beamforming under the condition of acceptable cost. This paper elaborates the design and verification of a hierarchical beamforming architecture for MFAA. The novel hierarchical beamforming architecture adopts true time delay and beam switching technology. After the beamforming system is integrated with the densely distributed front-end of the Vivaldi antenna，the system can simultaneous output 2 to 16 beams according to different back-end processing capability，covering 90° all airspace.
Keywords：digital beamforming；SKA medium frequency aperture array；centimeter wave radio device
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作者简介：姜力晖（1991—），女，汉族，甘肃兰州人，助理 工程师，硕士，研究方向：SKA 数字阵列技术。